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节令之美·立春｜4日10时42分立春，“打春”啦！******
“一二三四五六七，万木生芽是今日。”北京时间2月4日10时42分将迎来二十四节气中的立春。此时节，大地逐渐苏醒，万物开始复苏，“间泮游鱼跃，和风待柳芳”。
关于立春，民谚有“春打五九尾(尽)，春打六九头”之说。其意是，立春这一天要么在五九的最后一天，要么在六九的第一天。
今年的立春属于哪一种情况？“我国民间有从冬至这一天开始‘数九’的习俗。2022年12月22日冬至，数一数会发现，2023年2月4日是五九的最后一天，很明显2023年立春是‘春打五九尾’。冬至通常出现在公历每年的12月21日或22日。如果2022年的冬至出现在12月21日，那么，2023年立春就是‘春打六九头’。”中国天文学会会员、天津市天文学会理事杨婧说。
立春在公历年中的日期基本固定，绝大多数年份为2月4日，个别年份为2月3日或2月5日。因此从公历来说，不论是平年还是闰年，每年都会出现一次立春，而农历闰年，一年中则会出现25个节气，年初和年尾各有一个立春，民间称这种情况为“一年两头春”“双春年”或“两春夹一冬”。
刚刚到来不久的癸卯年就属于这种情况，癸卯年的正月十四立春(2023年2月4日)和同年的腊月二十五立春(2024年2月4日)。巧合的是，癸卯年的第二个立春也落在五九的最后一天，因此，2024年的立春也是“春打五九尾”。
杨婧表示，“春打五九尾”和“春打六九头”是经常而又不规则地交替着，但无论是“五九尾”还是“六九头”，立春的到来，都是农民朋友准备新一年耕种的时候。提前做好各项农事安排，有利于农作物更好生长。
立春，是时序轮转、日夜更迭的漫漫光阴里具有仪式感的一天。对我国古人而言，春耕如晨钟，秋收似暮鼓，立春之日寓意盛大。
立春之日，自古以来，我国民间就有“鞭春”“打春”的习俗，也就是鞭打春牛，也称鞭打土牛，寓意来年五谷丰登、国泰民安，提醒人们春耕即将开始，莫误农时。
统筹：刘心惠、刘元旭
记者：周润健
海报制作：方金洋
编辑：李民
新华社国内部、天津分社联合制作
节令工作室出品
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾****** 中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄 由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。 麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。 一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。 此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。 作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。 美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。 这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。 从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。 两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy". The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader. Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party. On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration. On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses. Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees. As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives. But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker. CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful. This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally. Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits. From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public. Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world. The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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